Energy efficiency and congestion considering data envelopment analysis and bounded adjusted measure: A case of tomato production

Auditing energy usage of farming operations is a key step towards agricultural sustainability. The current systems tomato production use considerable quantity energy. As result, improving efficiency crucial stage in decreasing consumption production. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) model an established methodology to assess crop In this study, the bounded adjusted measure (BAM) applied for as well carbon footprint. regard, overall, environmental, production, and pure emission 24 provinces Iran are investigated. nine overall efficient producing recognized that showed they had no input excesses and/or output shortfalls. Also, similar efficiency, out DMUs were efficient. Finally, order probable amounts excessive investments inputs, with aim obtaining more outputs, new approach determining congestion proposed based on BAM model.